The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (2023)

Updated: April 16, 2021 by Elie in About France

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (1)

For decades, higher education institutions in France were among the best universities and have been on the academic ranking of world universities for years. Reaching the top positions in international rankings is important for universities to attract students, researchers, and funds. Below you’ll find a selection of the top-ranked universities in France in 2020.

In this article, we’ll talk about:

  • The higher education system in France
  • The key numbers of the French higher education system
  • International students in France by numbers and trends
  • The list of the best university in France

The French Education System

The higher education system in France is the third stage that comes after primary education and secondary education.

The first stage is primary education(école primaire) which consists of five years of study for children. Children start primary education approximately at the age of 6 just after 3 years of kindergarten (maternelle). They usually stay until the age of 11.

After the primary comes secondary education. The first phase is the collège which is a period of four years of study. And then comes the lycée (high school) which are the final three years of secondary education.

The higher education system in France

Universities have been one of the main pillars of the higher education system in France. Universities in France are expected to provide a free public service to all students.

There are several types of institutions that are part of the French higher education system. The main institutions are:

  1. Universities
  2. Grandes écoles
  3. Specialized schools

While a baccalaureate degree is the main admission requirement for universities in France (baccalauréat or bac in French), the grandes écoles have in place an entrance examination (concours). Students willing to take the entrance examination have followed a two-year specialized program: les classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles (C.P.G.E.), or just prépa.

At the same time, local universities compete against each other to catch the best students from one side and with grandes écoles and other international institutions on the other side. Therefore getting to the top of international ranking systems is what many universities strive to.

To learn more about the French higher education system, its history, and evolution you can readHigher-Education Systems and Institutions, France.

Key figures of the French higher education System

In this section, we’ll address the French higher education system and talk about students who are part of this system. We’ll detail the important numbers, the trends, and cover the essential information that characterizes education in France.

The early leavers statistics

Early leavers from the French higher education system are estimated to be 8.2% of those who are aged between 18 and 24 years. By sex, the percentage is 9.6 for males and 6.9 for females in France. The data reported in Graph 1 can be found in Key figures on Europe statistics illustrated along with other interesting numbers.

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (2)

How many students obtain a higher education degree in France?

The number of total graduates from universities in France was 795 961 in 2018 as reported by Eurostat. Among these graduates, 56% were females (447 332) and 44% were males (348 629) as illustrated in Graph 2. A similar trend is also observed in other European countries where female graduates are more than males.

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (3)

How many students are in higher education in France?

In 2019-2020, 2.73 million students were enrolled in higher education institutions in France. It’s a 1.6% increase over the previous year.

This recent study confirms that getting enrolled in a higher education program is gaining traction in France. In the span of 10 years, the share of students in France increased by 20% approximately: from 2.29 million students in 2010 to 2.73 million students in 2019-2020. This is the eleventh year of consecutive growth.

Public vs. Private Higher Education Sectors

Among the 2.73 million students who joined the French higher education system, the public university share is estimated to be about 1.63 million students. As for the private educational sector, the number of enrolled students accounts for 561 000.

International students in France: numbers and trends

International students express much enthusiasm and interest in studying in France and discovering its culture.

As for the international students in France, they are estimated to be around 13% of the total number of students.

Most of them join the French university and this accounts for 70% of the international students. The remaining percentage join other education institutions like business or engineering schools.

How many international students are in France?

In 2012-2013, international students represented 9.7% of all the students in the French higher education system. This accounts for 231 200 international students. This number increased to 385 000 in 2018-2019, or 13% in terms of percentage share.

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As depicted in Graph 3, it’s a growing trend that shows the evolution in the number of French and international students in France. The data used in the following graphs can be found here.

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (4)

The following diagram summarizes the distribution of students in France in terms of local French students (87%) and international students (13%) as of 2018-2019.

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (5)

Which countries have the most foreign students in France?

France is a popular destination for students from a number of countries and most of them have French as their second language (e.g., Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Lebanon).

According to this study, here is the list of the top 15 countries that have the most students in France:

  1. Morocco (Maroc)
  2. China (Chine)
  3. Algeria (Algérie)
  4. Italy (Italie)
  5. Tunisia (Tunisie)
  6. Sénégal (Senegal)
  7. Côte d’Ivoire (Côte d’Ivoire)
  8. Germany (Allemagne)
  9. Spain (Espagne)
  10. USA (Etats-Unis)
  11. Cameroun (Cameroun)
  12. Lebanon (Liban)
  13. India (Inde)
  14. Vietnam (Viêtnam)
  15. Brazil (Brésil)

The world map below explores the distribution of foreign students in France by country. The darker the color on the map, the higher the number of students in France from the corresponding country.

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (6)

The distribution of international students by academy

The educational system in France is divided into multiple zones that are called academies. As shown in the table below, there isn’t a big difference in how international students chose their destinations.

Compared to other cities in France, Paris is the most popular destination for international students with a percentage of 15.6%.

Strasbourg ranks at the top just after Paris with a share of 14.3% of international students in 2018 followed by Nice with a share of 12.7%.

The average number of international students in France is 10.6%.

AcademyInternational students (%)
Paris15.6
Strasbourg14.3
Nice12.7
Grenoble12.1
Creteil12.0
Lyon11.9
Nancy-metz11.7
Versailles11.6
Montpellier11.5
Poitiers10.2
Rouen9.9
Toulouse9.7
Clermont-ferrand9.5
Reims9.4
Besancon9.1
Aix-marseille8.6
Lille8.6
Limoges8.5
Bordeaux8.5
Guyane8.5
Orleans-tours8.1
Rennes8.0
Amiens7.9
Nantes6.8
Dijon6.7
Caen5.2
Mayotte3.7
Corse3.4
Martinique2.6
La reunion2.1
Guadeloupe1.7
Total10.6

Best universities in France in 2020

For those who want to join a higher education institution in France, there is one thing that they share in common. It is choosing the best university.

University ranking systems

An increasing number of rankings recognize the effort that every institution puts to offer the best education, attracting international students, as well as the best academics and researchers. Many of these worldwide ranking focus on many indicators such as teaching, research, knowledge transfer, and international outlook.

In this study, we consider three of the most well-known world university rankings:

Selection criteria

If any higher education institution is among the national top 10 universities in France in at least one ranking then it is added to this list.

These are major ranking systems for universities across the globe. Since we’re interested in the best university in France, we’ll filter out the results accordingly.

The list below summarizes the top universities in France, their information (name, website, etc.) as well as in which university ranking they appeared and in which position.

This is how we curated the following top 17 French higher education institutions in 2020.

The list of top universities in France

Université Paris-Saclay

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (7)

ARWU 2020: World Rank 14 and National Rank 1
THE 2021: World Rank 178
QS 2021: World Rank 291 and National Rank 10

Université PSL (Paris Sciences et Lettres)

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (8)

ARWU 2020: World Rank 36 and National Rank 2
THE 2021: World Rank 46
QS 2021: World Rank 52 and National Rank 1

Université Sorbonne

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (9)
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ARWU 2020: World Rank 39 and National Rank 3
THE 2021: World Rank 87
QS 2021: World Rank 83 and National Rank 3

Université de Paris

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (10)

ARWU 2020: World Rank 65 and National Rank 4
THE 2021: World Rank 136
QS 2021: World Rank 275 and National Rank 8

Université Grenoble Alpes

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (11)

ARWU 2020: World Rank 99 and National Rank 5
THE 2021: World Rank 351-400

Université d’Aix-Marseille

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (12)

ARWU 2020: World Rank 101-150 and National Rank 6-7
THE 2021: World Rank 351-400

Université de Strasbourg

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (13)

ARWU 2020: World Rank 101-150 and National Rank 6-7
THE 2021: World Rank 501-600

Université de Montpellier

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (14)

ARWU 2020: World Rank 101-150 and National Rank 8
THE 2021: World Rank 301-350

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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (15)

ARWU 2020: World Rank 201-300 and National Rank 9-12
THE 2021: World Rank 501-600

École Polytechnique

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (16)

THE 2021: World Rank 87
QS 2021: World Rank 68 and National Rank 2

École Normale Supérieure de Lyon

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (17)

THE 2021: World Rank 251-300
QS 2021: World Rank 161 and National Rank 5

Paul Sabatier: Université Toulouse III

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (18)

ARWU 2020: World Rank 201-300 and National Rank 9-12

Centrale Supélec

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (19)

THE 2021: World Rank 501-600
QS 2021: World Rank 138 and National Rank 4

Ecole des Ponts ParisTech

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (20)
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THE 2021: World Rank 251-300
QS 2021: World Rank 242 and National Rank 6

Télécom Paris

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (21)

THE 2021: World Rank 201-250

Sciences Po Paris

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (22)

QS 2021: World Rank 242 and National Rank 6

Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities (23)

QS 2021: World Rank 287 and National Rank 9

Ready to study in France?

Many international students from across the planet look forward to benefiting from a well-established higher education system in France. Every year, the French universities are listed among the best universities in the world.

Such recognition is proof of continued excellence and, as an international student, it’s always a good idea to learn French and master the French pronunciation!

Check the membership program tolearn French onlinewith Master Your French.

As a student or as a tourist, learning French can be very useful not only when studying in France but also when traveling to France.

In fact, besides its universities and its education system, France is a great place that also attracts tourists. Many come to visit France’s beautiful cities, museums, historical monuments, and much more.

And if you enjoy learning about history, you can check this list of French-speaking YouTube channels.

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FAQs

The landscape of higher education in France and its best universities? ›

In France, Higher Education is a double-component system: universities (“Université”) and Higher Schools (“Grandes Ecoles”) which offer scientific and management curricula. This system is inherited from the political and economic history of our country.

What is higher education like in France? ›

In France, Higher Education is a double-component system: universities (“Université”) and Higher Schools (“Grandes Ecoles”) which offer scientific and management curricula. This system is inherited from the political and economic history of our country.

What is the #1 university in France? ›

Best universities in the world

The best university in France is Paris Sciences et Lettres – PSL Research University Paris, a collegiate university formed of 25 research and higher education institutions in the Paris area and three national research institutions.

Is France good for higher education? ›

Home to Some of the Best Universities in the World

Reports estimate around 3,500+ institutions for higher education in France, amongst which 32 have been listed as the best universities in the QS University World Rankings 2023.

What is the landscape of higher education? ›

The landscape of higher education—the growing variety of higher education institutions, the cultural environment, the competitive ecosystem—is changing rapidly and disruptively.

Why is the French education system good? ›

The French education system has a reputation for high academic standards, making it an excellent choice for families who want to ensure their children receive a top-notch education. The French system is rigorous and demanding, which can help students develop a strong work ethic and a commitment to academic excellence.

What is one significant difference between higher education in France and in the US? ›

French universities typically have a more structured degree program focused on specialization, which can be appealing to students who know what they want to study. At US colleges, students have a wide range of options to choose from when it comes to academic programs and extracurricular activities.

Is there a Harvard in France? ›

Harvard in France constitutes a vibrant, dynamic and diverse community. We are privileged to host the second largest Harvard alumni base with more than 2100 alumni and to be among the most active clubs in Europe.

Is college cheaper in France than us? ›

College in France is Much More Affordable than in the US

In contrast to higher tuition fees in the US, the average tuition fees for a bachelor degree in Europe is just $8,000 per year for American students.

What are the two types of universities in France? ›

There are three main categories of higher education institutions in France, where ELS's first European partner institution, SKEMA, is located: public universities, the Grandes Écoles (which include France's prestigious schools of business and management) and schools of art and architecture.

Is it better to study in US or France? ›

France ranks regularly high in international university rankings. On the other side, the USA is full of culture that boosts intellectualism, career opportunities, and top-notch research facilities.

Which country has the best higher education system? ›

The United States takes the number one spot on the list due to its large number of prestigious universities and well-developed higher education system. With world-famous universities such as Harvard, Yale, and Stanford among its ranks, the US has a wide range of educational opportunities for international students.

Where does France rank for education in the world? ›

Download Table Data
CountryRank (2021)Rank (2020)
France55
Switzerland66
Japan711
Australia87
73 more rows

What does landscape mean education? ›

A contextual and purposeful collection of teaching styles, attitudes, principals that reflect a specific time and environment.

What is a landscape analysis in education? ›

A Landscape Analysis outlines the strengths, resources, and needs of a particular school district. It provides a framework for designing a service and ensuring that it is embedded directly in the needs of the district.

What are three main sectors of higher education? ›

The higher education industry consists of public colleges and universities, private nonprofit schools, and a small but very rapidly growing number of private for-profit educational firms.

How is the French school system different from the US? ›

For example, the American system excels in developing student's self-confidence and ability to speak in public. The French education system on the other hand excels in giving students a deep understanding of concepts, while developing students critical thinking.

What are 5 benefits of learning French? ›

11 Top Benefits of Learning French That May Surprise You
  • Open yourself up to the world. ...
  • Date a French girl or guy. ...
  • Travel to a French speaking country with confidence. ...
  • Earn $75,000 more. ...
  • Open doors to international job opportunities. ...
  • Learn other Romance languages easily. ...
  • Become more interesting. ...
  • Improve top education prospects.
Jan 23, 2021

Is learning French useful in America? ›

Speaking French will increase your job opportunities and salary potential. Knowledge of a second language is essential in over 60 occupations. More than 1,200 French companies have subsidiaries in the United States, and France is the largest recipient of U.S. foreign investment.

Why students choose France for higher studies? ›

Why study in France? According to students reporting on what it was like to study in France, the country offers a great multicultural study experience, bringing together cultures from all over the world. Students appreciate the beautiful, developed cities and the great variety of social life available.

What is a French college equivalent to in America? ›

In France, the "college" school level is roughly equivalent to the United States' "middle school" level.

Are French schools harder than American schools? ›

I would say that the French assignments are harder than the American ones. My grades here are higher than in France and I work less than during past years. The other difference is in grading. Unlike the American system and its letters, every assignment in France is on a 20-point scale.

What is the MIT of France? ›

MIT-France matches students with internships and research at leading companies, research labs, and universities in France. Internships last from 2 to 6 months and are all-expenses paid.

Can an American go to University in France? ›

Pre-Consular and Student Visa Application

If your program of study in France for under 90 days and you are a US citizen, you will not be required to apply for a student visa or complete the Etudes en France pre-consular application.

Why is University free in France? ›

Tuition fees are low in public Higher education institutions because the French government subsidizes higher education. The true cost of education is the same as it is elsewhere in the world—around €10,000 a year. The difference is that in France the government assumes a large share of that cost.

Is college free for Americans in France? ›

French public universities don't typically charge tuition fees, and Sorbonne University is no exception. This is standard across domestic and international students. However, the university does charge registration fees: 170 euros (bachelor's degree), 243 euros (master's degree) and 380 euros (doctorate degree).

Is France cheaper to live than USA? ›

The USA's national index is 71.05 while the French national index is 74.14. Therefore, the cost of living is 4% higher in France than it is in the USA.

What is the hardest university to get into in France? ›

Universities in France with Lowest Acceptance Rates
  1. Université de Lorraine. Acceptance rate: 10% ...
  2. Université de Technologie de Compiègne. Acceptance rate: 10% ...
  3. Université du Havre. Acceptance rate: 20% ...
  4. Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour. Acceptance rate: 30% ...
  5. American University of Paris. Acceptance rate: 60%

How long is a French school day? ›

Generally speaking, the school day in France is from 8:30 until 4:30, but it varies depending on which area you live in. This is longer than the typical school day in the UK or America, but there is a longer lunch break and two other breaks during the day. There are 24 hours of lessons a week.

Does France have English universities? ›

The best English-taught universities in France

Sorbonne University. CentraleSupélec. École Normale Supérieure de Lyon. École des Ponts Paris Tech.

How long are university semesters in France? ›

An academic year is divided into two semesters: according to the course pursued, the first semester starts in September or October and ends in January of the following year; the second semester begins in February and ends in May or June.

Which country students study the most in USA? ›

India surpassed China in terms of the most international students in the US in 2022. According to a report by Open Doors 2022, there was a surge of nearly 20% in the number of Indian students studying in US for the academic year 2021-2022.

Is it better to study in Europe or USA? ›

European universities offer a lot more types of degrees than American universities. They offer Higher National Diploma, Certificate of Higher Education, Diploma of Higher Education, Foundation Degree, Bachelors, Masters, Ph. D. and variety of professional and vocational degrees.

What is the most popular major in France? ›

Some of the more popular fields of study for a Bachelor in France are information technology, business, finance, computer science, hospitality, art, fashion design, film, politics, and economics.

Which is the top 1 educated country in the world? ›

Based on the OECD's data, Canada is the most educated country globally, with 56.71% of adults meeting the OECD criteria. Japan has the second-highest percentage of 51.44%, followed by Israel with 50.92%.

Which country has the hardest higher education? ›

Which are the hardest education systems in the world? Ans. The countries with the hardest and most difficult education systems include South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Finland, etc.

What is the most successful education system in the world? ›

United States. The United States, a forerunner in contemporary education, provides high-quality education offered by internationally renowned teachers. The country has more Nobel Laureates than any other country and welcomes over a million overseas students annually.

Where is the USA ranked in education? ›

The IMD World Competitiveness Center reports that the U.S. ranked 10th in its 2020 Competitiveness Report after ranking first in 2018.

Where do America rank in education? ›

The U.S. ranks 14th among 37 OECD and G20 countries in the percentage of 25-34 year- olds with higher education, at 42% - above the OECD average (38%), but far behind the leader, Korea (65%) (Chart A1. 1).

Which country in Europe has the best education system? ›

Finland. Finland has also been internationally lauded for formulating the best education system in the world because the country has meticulously designed an educational apparatus that is at par with other countries across the globe.

What are the three concepts in landscape? ›

One method of describing landscapes divides a landscape into three basic elements: patches, corridors or buffers, and matrix (fig. 2).

What is the study of landscape called? ›

Geomorphology: The physical evolution of landscape

Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling.

What are examples of landscape orientation? ›

Landscape refers to the orientation of the camera used when photographing subjects such as natural landscapes. Like your television that sits horizontally, the top and bottom edges are longer than the sides. Generally speaking, the elements of a landscape are much broader than they are taller.

What is a landscape approach? ›

A Landscape Approach is broadly defined as a framework to integrate policy and practice for multiple land uses, within a given area, to ensure equitable and sustainable use of land while strengthening measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change [5–8].

How to study competitive landscape? ›

7 steps to create a competitive landscape analysis
  1. Identify your competitors. ...
  2. Analyze competitor content. ...
  3. Track competitors' social media activity. ...
  4. Review competitors' marketing strategies. ...
  5. Evaluate competitors' pricing and promotion. ...
  6. Discern your competitors' position. ...
  7. Use frameworks.

Why do we need to study landscape? ›

Landscapes and features are important because they contribute significantly to our well-being and quality of life. They provide the broader context within which we live our lives. Living within aesthetically pleasing and culturally meaningful landscapes enhances our sense of wellbeing.

What is the biggest barrier to higher education? ›

Economic bias is one of the most common barriers, and it affects students who experience poverty more disproportionately than others.

What are the 4 different levels of higher education? ›

There are generally four categories of college degrees: associate degree, bachelor's degree, graduate degree, and doctorate or professional degree. Each category comes with its own particular subcategories, and there are some subtle differences between a doctorate and a professional degree.

What are the four systems of higher education? ›

There are four main college systems (or types of Colleges) in California: Community College (CCC), California State University (CSU), the University of California (UC) and Independent Private College and Universities.

How long is higher education in France? ›

There are three types of university degrees in France: Licence (L1, L2, L3) is an undergraduate degree awarded after a period of study lasting 6 semesters (3 years). Master's (M1, M2) is a graduate degree awarded after a period of study lasting 2 years (a total of 5 years' study).

Is the American or French school system harder? ›

I would say that the French assignments are harder than the American ones. My grades here are higher than in France and I work less than during past years. The other difference is in grading. Unlike the American system and its letters, every assignment in France is on a 20-point scale.

Is higher education free in France? ›

French public universities don't typically charge tuition fees, and Sorbonne University is no exception. This is standard across domestic and international students. However, the university does charge registration fees: 170 euros (bachelor's degree), 243 euros (master's degree) and 380 euros (doctorate degree).

Do most French people go to college? ›

In 2019, Eurostat has shown that more of 81 percent of individuals aged 25 and over had attained a upper secondary or tertiary education in France. The rising number of students registered in higher education in France shows that higher education has become more accessible and widespread within the French population.

What is the French equivalent of a US state? ›

Les États-Unis (d'Amérique)
Alabamal'Alabama
Montanale Montana
Nebraskale Nebraska
Nevadale Nevada
New Hampshirele New Hampshire
45 more rows

What is one similarity between American and French schools? ›

French school days are usually much longer, beginning at 8 a.m. and ending at 5 or 6 p.m. — except on Wednesdays, which end at noon. Just like the American system, school is closed on the weekends.

How do universities in France work? ›

Higher education in France is divided between grandes écoles and public universities. The grandes écoles admit the graduates of the level Baccalauréat + 2 years of validated study (or sometimes directly after the Baccalauréat) whereas universities admit all graduates of the Baccalauréat.

What are grades called in France? ›

Secondary School
AmericanFrench
Middle School CollègeEighth GradeQuatrième (4ème)
Ninth GradeTroisième (3ème)
Upper/High School LycéeTenth GradeSeconde (2nde)
Eleventh GradePremière (1ère)
3 more rows

How long is a Masters in France? ›

In the French education system, a master's degree is both a national higher education diploma and a university degree. The diplôme national de master is delivered by an academic institution, usually a university, two years after obtaining a Licence (French equivalent of a Bachelor's degree, worth 300 ECTS).

What are the problems with the education system in France? ›

The French education system offers an inflexible approach to education; one where the teacher has absolute authority, tough grading and rote learning are the norm, where high academic standards are demanded in reading, writing and arithmetic. The French don't expect children to have 'fun' at school.

What is the hardest education country? ›

Which Country has the Toughest Education?
  • South Korea.
  • Japan.
  • Singapore.
  • Hong Kong.
  • Finland.

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